zip(iterable_1, iterable_2, ...) returns lazy iterator that contains tuples with combined elements one by one from each iterable. Each tuple contains elements from the corresponding position in each iterable.

Thezip() function is often used to combine data from multiple lists, tuples, or other iterables, making it a powerful tool for data processing and iteration in Python.

Python zip() function stops creating tuples when the shortest iterable is exhausted which is useful for handling uneven iterables.

filter(function, iterable) returns lazy iterator that applies function to each element of the iterable and leaves only elements that are truthy. Truthy values are values that evaluate to True.

That means, that filter() function will run provided function on each object of a given iterable and leave only elements that evaluates to True.

map(function, iterable) applies a given function to each item of an iterable (or multiple iterables) and returns a lazy iterator with the results. That means, that map() function will run provided function on each object of given iterable or multiple iterables.

map() doesn’t immediately evaluate all items. Instead, it generates values as needed, making it memory-efficient for large data sets. So it's "lazy".

Python provides us with nice tools for controlling the flow of (not only) loops and handling exceptions. Using those 5 keywords we can make sure that the flow of our program will go exactly as we would like.

try - Add before statement that may result in exception. It is commonly used to manage runtime errors, ensuring the program can continue running.

except - Catch exception after try, be sure to add specific error that you want to catch. eq. TypeError

continue - Immediately go to the next loop iteration, skipping any remaining code in the current iteration. (pass is simply doing nothing, they are NOT the same)

break - Immediately break out of the loop

finally - Executes at the end of each try block, whether or not an exception was raised. It always runs after the try and except blocks, ensuring any necessary cleanup code is executed. Note that it will still execute if break or continue was called within the try/except block.

Magic Method __eq__ specify what should be compared to determine equality between two class instances. So it means that the __eq__ magic method allows you to define custom behavior for the == operator.

This method is accepting argument (most often called other) that is a class instance that is being compared.

The magic method __repr__ provides a way to return a string that represents an instance of a class.

Unlike __str__, which is meant to give a human-readable description, __repr__ is used to provide a string that could ideally be used to recreate the object.

Magic Method __str__ specify what should be returned when we will call str() or print() on our class instance. This method needs to return a string.

It should return human-readable representation of your class. It is meant to help you understand better given object that you are working with.

It shouldn't be confused with __repr__ magic method. The __repr__ method, by contrast, is intended for a more developer-focused, technical representation.