List Comprehensions in Python lets you quickly generate a list from another iterable.

[<expression_1> for <variable> in <iterable> if <expression_2>]

While doing so, you can optionally perform operations on arguments going into your list and also filter them.

Remember that even though we are calling this "List Comprehensions" we can simply transform them into:

• Tuple Comprehensions - simply replace [] with (). Important - Even though we are calling it a "tuple" comprehension, this will create a generator.

• Set Comprehensions - simply replace [] with {}. As you guessed, Set Comprehensions will create set so it will delete duplicates.

all(iterable) returns True if all objects in provided iterable are "truthy".

If every item evaluates to True, all() returns True. If even one item is "falsy" (evaluating to False), all() returns False.

Important - If the iterable is empty, all() returns True by default!

In Python, values like 0, None, [], {}, "", and () are "falsy" and evaluate to False. Any non-zero numbers, non-empty containers, and most other objects are considered "truthy." A truthy objects returns True after calling bool(object).

any(iterable) returns True if any object in provided iterable is "truthy".

That means that if at least one item evaluates to True, any() returns True. If all items are "falsy" (evaluating to False) (or if the iterable is empty), any() returns False.

In Python, values like 0, None, [], {}, "", and () are "falsy" and evaluate to False. Any non-zero numbers, non-empty containers, and most other objects are considered "truthy." A truthy objects returns True after calling bool(object).

sum(iterable, start=0) simple function that will sum up provided iterable (such as a list or tuple) and return result. This function is primarily intended for use with numeric data.

sum() accepts optional argument start that will be also added to the sum or returned as a default if iterable is empty.

min(iterable_1, ..., key=func, default=obj) returns the smallest item from a single iterable or the smallest of two or more arguments.

Accepts optional key-word key argument that needs to be a function that will be used to evaluate each item's number/value.

With two or more arguments provided, min() will return the smallest one. If two elements or arguments have the same value min() will return the first one found.

min() also accepts optional key-word default argument that will be returned if provided iterable is empty.

max(iterable, ..., key=func, default=obj) returns the largest item from a single iterable or the largest of two or more arguments.

Accepts optional key-word key argument that needs to be a function that will be used to evaluate each item's number/value.

If two elements or arguments will have the same value max() will return the first one found.

max() also accepts optional key-word default argument that will be returned if provided iterable is empty.

reduce(function, iterable) takes two items at a time from a iterable, applies the function, returns a single result, and repeats until only one result remains. It goes "from left to right".

The reduce() is part of the functools module, so it needs to be imported from functools.

Python reduce() also accepts optional argument default that will be returned if provided iterable is empty.

zip_longest(iterable_1, iterable_2, ..., fillvalue=None) returns lazy iterator that contains tuples with combined elements one by one from each iterable. zip_longest needs to be imported from itertools.

It's biggest difference from "standard" zip() is that it won't stop upon exhausting shortest iterable. zip_longest() continues to generate tuples until the longest iterable is exhausted, filling missing values with a specified fillvalue.

As mentioned above, you can provide optional fillvalue key-word argument to let zip_longest() know with what it should replace missing values.